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NHS FPX 6004 Assessment 3 Training Session for Policy Implementation

Student Name Capella University NHS-FPX 6004 Health Care Law and Policy Prof. Name Date Training Session for Policy Implementation Slide 1 Hi, I am Mike, a healthcare practitioner. I am here for a training session for healthcare staff to up-skill their knowledge and practices. Briefly overviewing, this session is focused on policy and practice guidelines to enhance care quality and effective diabetes management. Moreover, stakeholders will be discussed for enhanced patient outcomes. Policy on Managing Diabetes Slide 2 Mercy Medical Center (MMC) is liable to apply diabetes management policies recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), stating a bi-annual examination of HgbA1c level and annual foot examination (ADA, 2019). The guidelines suggested by ADA and other healthcare agencies, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports (NHDQR), state that patient education is an effective means for diabetes management through self-management techniques (ADA, 2019; CMS, 2023). The agencies also emphasize staff training for integrating technology for the diagnosis, treatment, and data management of diabetes patients. To maintain glucose levels in patients, individual factors must be considered to develop a patient-centered plan to enhance care quality (AlHaqwi et al., 2023). The specific optimal techniques for diabetes management include the following:  Need for Policy Slide 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) justifies the need and urgency for diabetes management policy, as it massively affects health and finances. The total number of diabetes patients in 2021 is 38.4 million, of which 8.7 million did not even know they had diabetes. The onset of prediabetes is more concerning, with 97.6 million adults and 27.2 million elders of age above 65. Moreover, the financial impact of treating diabetes in 2022 in total is $413 billion, with direct costs ($307 billion) and indirect costs ($106 billion) (CDC, 2023). MMC needs to address the burden of diabetes on people in a cost-effective manner through self-management involving lifestyle modifications.  Evidence-Based Strategies for Working with Role Group Slide 4 Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) are effective and tested ways to address particular issues. It allows for integrating practices considered effective in improving quality, in this case, healthcare quality for diabetic patients (Wang et al., 2023). MMC should train their healthcare staff to practice measures to make diagnosis, treatment, and prevention possible. The healthcare staff for successful implementation involves physicians, pharmacists, and nurses.  Effective leadership to obtain stakeholders’ buy-in and prepare the role group for successful implementation is essential. The leadership involves guidance, motivation, and supervision of the healthcare team’s activities. To manage diabetes effectively and prevent the conversion of prediabetes into diabetes, clear communication is needed to educate about the rationale behind implementing policy and guidelines (Lim et al., 2020). Training the role group is essential to provide hands-on experience on the dynamics of diabetes prevalence and skill-building in the process. Engagement among the role group is essential to cross-exchange knowledge, provide support, and develop a sense of ownership and shared responsibility (Ginbeto et al., 2023). For instance, the physician’s expertise in diagnosis and knowledge of personalized treatment, the nurse’s role in educating patients regarding treatment, and cross-communication between patients and other healthcare staff (Sørensen et al., 2020). A pharmacist’s role in raising flags on medication errors, overlapping, and informing about side effects can help develop an effective personalized plan for individuals. Incentives through resource allocation and appreciation are important for role-group buy-in, allowing for participation and involvement through feedback.  Slide 5 Effectiveness of Strategies   The strategies will be effective due to their direct influence on the role group’s work and performance. Training, education, support, feedback, appreciation, and equitable resource availability will reduce workload and enhance the performance of healthcare personnel at MMC for effective diabetes management. The involvement of the role groups in the process, implementation, and a supportive environment, as well as the strategies, will enhance motivation, knowledge, and skills, leading to the successful implementation of policy and associated instructions (Bayot et al., 2022). Measure for Early Indication of Success To measure the early indication of successful implementation and buy-in from the role group at MMC, compliance and adoption rate of policy and instructions will help. Additionally, feedback from the role groups, their challenges, and their experience with new policy implementation will help in an early indication of success. Patient outcomes will indicate success, showing controlled blood glucose level, plan adherence, and satisfaction level (Kersting et al., 2020). Impact of New Policy and Practice Guidelines Slide 6 Implementing and adhering to new policies and practice guidelines will profoundly impact the standards of care and health outcomes. The new policies and instructions aim to allow for early identification, reducing the chances of irreversible complications and the cost of managing chronic diseases like diabetes. The guidelines associated with a new policy to control diabetes effectively include reducing prediabetes cases through patient education (Duan et al., 2021). Patient education by role group, including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses, can positively impact quality care and outcomes. The education involves self-management and preventive measures through lifestyle modification. For instance, low sodium intake in dietary and physical activity to manage glucose levels and weight (Ming et al., 2023). Regular screening is also part of the diabetes management guidelines, allowing healthcare professionals to identify diabetes-related concerns in blood glucose, affecting the kidney, heart, vision, and feet (Duan et al., 2021). Implementation Process  The following process will be used by physicians, pharmacists, and nurses to implement the new policy effectively. The implementation will involve diagnosis, treatment plan, and follow-up.   Effect of Policy on Daily Work Routine and Responsibilities of Role Group Slide 7 The annual and bi-annual policy for foot and HgbA1c tests and associated guidelines will significantly impact daily work routines and responsibilities. It will allow role groups to have ownership of their respective roles. Physicians will spend more time on comprehensive analysis of patient’s health and developing personalized care plans. They will also set follow-ups to ensure the required changes are met timely (Sørensen et al., 2020). Pharmacists will have expanded roles as they will be
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NHS FPX 6004 Assessment 2 Policy Proposal

Student Name Capella University NHS-FPX 6004 Health Care Law and Policy Prof. Name Date Policy Proposal A healthcare setting is a dynamic setting where ups and downs are common. Finding and addressing performance shortfalls helps ensure patients deliver high-quality care, consistently promoting patient safety. This paper is a policy proposal and practice guidelines to improve performance benchmarks identified in previous assessments for Mercy Medical Center (MMC). The shortfalls were identified in the declining rate of HgbA1c level and foot exam for efficient diabetes management.  Addressing Shortfalls: Creating Policy & Practice Guidelines The benchmarks are set for HgbA1c and foot exams by various local and federal healthcare agencies, notably the American Diabetes Association (ADA), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), and the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report (NHQDR) (ADA, 2019; CMS, 2023). It states that a foot exam is once a year, and an HgbA1c level test is at least twice yearly. These benchmarks are aligned with the federal health goal of enhancing patient health outcomes and reducing diabetes-related complications in the country (ADA, 2019).  However, the data from the MMC dashboard in the previous assessment demonstrated a notable benchmark shortfall in both HgbA1c and foot exams. For instance, fluctuations in all four Quarters (Q) of 2019 and 2020 are visible in both factors (HgbA1c and foot). The HgbA1c test rate declined from 78(Q3) to 64(Q4) in 2020. Similarly, the foot exam rate also shows fluctuations in all four quarters but a concerning decline from (Q1)70 to (Q3) 48 in 2020. The uneven trend highlights the underperformance, encouraging addressing these to improve and enhance diabetes management at MMC.  The underperformance compared to local, state, or national set benchmarks seriously impacts patient health outcomes and the standard of care at MMC. The impact of missed diagnosis of high HgbA1c in diabetes patients can lead to neuropathy and nephropathy (Eyth & Naik, 2023). Damaged nerves due to high blood glucose level tingling, numbness, and pain, while damage to heart vessels risking heart attack and stroke. The impact on the kidney can also lead to its diminished functioning in filtering waste from the blood. To avoid such implications, regular monitoring is essential. NHS FPX 6004 Assessment 2 Policy Proposal Similarly, missed diagnosis of foot exams in diabetic patients can cause an escalation in food injuries by slowing the healing process; it can also cause nerve damage and ulcers, which need to be prevented by regular monitoring (Song & Chambers, 2021). The organization is also under the impact of underperformance in a legal, financial, and competitive manner. The increased complications in diabetic patients due to high blood glucose levels or foot complications increase the economic burden of providing care. For instance, $1096.21 was spent on each patient in 2017-2020 to treat diabetes (Birinci & Simten Malhan, 2023). MMC can also suffer from legal penalties due to non-compliance with national standards of diabetes prevention and management. The organization damages its reputation in the community due to poor quality of care and risks losing a competitive advantage in the health industry (Tomic et al., 2022).  Various studies align with the conclusions mentioned above. For instance, Song & Chambers (2021) state the role of regular foot exams in preventing lower limbs. Casadei et al. (2021) also mention that controlled HgbA1c levels help manage diabetes and avoid complications. This research aligns with the proposed measures for enhanced patient outcomes at MMC for implementing policies and practice guidelines in managing diabetes.  Proposed Organizational Policy and Practice Guidelines Reputable agencies like ADA, CMS, and NHQDR set benchmarks to address underperformance in MMC’s HgbA1c level and foot exams. Following are proposed policies to enhance diabetes patient health outcomes by emphasizing factors: Proposed Practice Guidelines The proposed policies align with standardized protocols and benchmarks set forth by ADA, CMS, and NHDQR, highlighting at least annual and bi-annual examinations of foot and blood glucose levels in high-quality diabetes care (ADA, 2019; CMS, 2023). The guidelines keep the audience in mind: healthcare professionals, administration personnel at MMC, and most importantly, patients. Healthcare professionals help diagnose, prescribe, and develop personalized care plans. Administration plays a role in policy implementation by analyzing logistics and patients benefiting from these policies.  Environmental Factors and Regulatory Considerations To successfully implement policies and suggested guidelines at MMC for diabetes management and enhance care quality standards, it is necessary to stay updated with regulatory changes. The current policies are the basis for the proposed policies suggested by the ADA, CMS, and NHDQR to prevent diabetes-related complications (ADA, 2019; CMS, 2023). These institutions change policies with changing trends in the community, for instance, demographics or disease prevalence. MMC must stay up-to-date with the regulatory policies to save itself from legal or ethical repercussions due to non-compliance with diabetes standards. The staffing level also impacts the implementation of policies and suggested guidelines. Low staffing levels will create burnout, misdiagnosis, and medication errors while conducting HgbA1c and foot (Thorsen et al., 2020). So, it is essential to implement adequate staffing levels at MMC to manage diabetes effectively. Lastly, financial factors are another factor that can hinder policy implementation or guidelines. Resource allocation for recruiting new staff, training, education, and conducting tests requires monetary funds (Birinci & Simten Malhan, 2023).    Specific solutions should be considered to address these potential issues in successful implementation. Administration can help in priority setting, while effective resource allocation and logistical aspects like scheduling and maintaining records can be beneficial (Seixas et al., 2021). The financial budget for MMC recruitment, training, and educational programs should be provided. A support system should be developed for patients to manage follow-ups and educational aspects for long-term improved health outcomes and patient empowerment to self-manage diabetes-related factors (Lowden, 2021).  Ethical, Evidence-Based Practice: Strategies from Literature The literature provides evidence to conduct regular blood glucose and foot exams for timely intervention. It allows for early diagnosis and prevents any irreversible damage to diabetic patients. World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that the prevalence of diabetes and its related complications can be avoided through early diagnosis,
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NHS FPX 6004 Assessment 1 Dashboard Metrics Evaluation

Student Name Capella University NHS-FPX 6004 Health Care Law and Policy Prof. Name Date Dashboard Metrics Evaluation Healthcare organizations use dashboard evaluation to visualize performance metrics in specific areas by relating data to benchmarks set by any local or national healthcare agency (Helminski et al., 2022). This dashboard evaluation report is for diabetic management performance, underpinning three important metrics known as HgbA1c level, eye test, and foot test in Mercy Medical Center (MMC) patients. The data evaluation will help identify the team or organization’s back draws, facilitating targeted areas for improvement and enhancing diabetes management.  Evaluation of Dashboard Metrics For diabetes management, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) has set benchmarks for HgbA1c level and eye and foot exams at least once a year (Cooksey, 2020). On a similar page The National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report (NHQDR) recommends at least two HgbA1c tests yearly, with a benchmark of 79.5% for the HbgA1c test (ADA, 2019). The data metrics on the Vila Health Dashboard provide information on 2019 and 2020, mentioning the number of patients in each year divided into four quarters. The primary concern demonstrated in the data is the declining trend in HgbA1c and low foot exam rate. For instance, in (Quarter) Q3 of 2020, the HgbA1c number of patients was 78. However, it declined to 64 in Q4. Similarly, the foot exam data shows major fluctuations, demonstrating 75, 50, 48, and 62 in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 of 2020, respectively. The number is significantly low.The underperforming metrics of foot require major improvement due to various reasons. To prevent diabetes-related foot problems, conducting foot exams at least once a year is essential. Studies state that delaying or missing foot exams can cause various issues in diabetes patients, such as decreased sensation, prone to wounds, delay in healing, and, worst, limb amputation (Song & Chambers, 2021). It also increases healthcare costs and reduces quality of life due to disability. Similarly, HgbA1c, the glucose level in patients, measures the onset of complications of diabetes or other disease. The diabetes dashboard shows that HgbA1c level tests are not meeting the benchmark of various federal healthcare policies; for instance, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and other healthcare regulations emphasize preventive measures through annual examination (CMS, 2023). So, MMC needs to improve the ratio of foot exams and HgbA1c level tests to manage diabetes effectively.  Organizational Performance Shortfalls and Informational Gaps The dashboard mentions new patients’ information, categorizing it by race, gender, and age; it lacks information on the number of patients in previous quarters. The data shows that the white community is highest in percentage (63), the female percentage is higher (62) than men (38), and the 40-64 age range is highest in percentage (38) for these tests. However, more information on demographics must be needed to assess the disparities and patient outcomes. The factors for low foot exams and HgbA1c level tests are also unknown. Information on these areas would have helped in better understanding and analysis. The declining trend in HgbA1c and low rate of foot exams shows MMC underperformance, for instance, HgbA1c increased from 37% to 48% in 2019-2020, showing a huge milestone to achieve the benchmark set by NHQDR (ADA, 2019). MMC needs to increase its screening rate to achieve a benchmark.  Consequence of not Meeting Prescribed Benchmarks Not meeting set benchmarks for diabetes management can have a profound negative impact on the patient’s health, the healthcare team, and the organization (MMC). The quality of care is reduced to a notable extent due to continuous delay or missed screening for foot, eye, or HgbA1c tests. Early detection helps make early interventions, and late diagnosis can cause irrefutable damage to organs like the foot and eyes or cause chronic diseases, reducing quality of life (Lv et al., 2023). Meeting benchmarks can also cause patient dissatisfaction as the organization needs to be more encouraging and conduct regular screening at the end of the medical center. The healthcare organization can have profound implications for not meeting benchmarks related to diabetes management. For instance, non-compliance to local or federal benchmarks can cause legal or financial penalties (Lv et al., 2023). NHS FPX 6004 Assessment 1 Dashboard Metrics Evaluation Additionally, in value-based care models, MMC can face reduced reimbursement rates and financial penalties for failing to meet quality criteria. Failure to meet the benchmark can tarnish MMC’s reputation due to poor ratings or negative publicity (Jing et al., 2023). It can also impact resource allocation for inefficient care delivery by investing in training or quality improvement programs, not realizing the primary cause of patient dissatisfaction. Staffing issues follow this due to an inefficient workplace environment or tarnished reputation, which can increase staff turnover (Alsadaan et al., 2023).  It is essential to understand that these tests require a physical examination for testing foot, eye, or HgbA1c levels, so physical space accommodating a higher volume of patients can cause problems. Support services are also under the impact of failing to meet the benchmarks, as complications and ineffective measures can make departments like pharmacy or dietary not cooperate. There are chances of increased disparity, as also notable in the fact sheet of diverse communities seeking healthcare services at MMC. The entire staff’s skills and performance are eroded and damaged due to insufficient confidence in healthcare’s ability to provide high-quality quality for diabetes management (Alsadaan et al., 2023).  Assumptions Underlying the Analysis The assumptions under the analysis are that MMC is liable and determined to provide high-quality care for diabetes management. It also assumes that there are clear and measurable consequences of not meeting benchmarks that impact patient’s health outcomes, the team’s performance, and the organization’s functioning (Song & Chambers, 2021).  A Benchmark Underperformance in a Healthcare Organization One benchmark that can potentially improve healthcare performance and care quality is the HgbA1c level test. Usually, the ADA suggests an annual examination for glucose levels. However, it suggests conducting bi-annual or quarterly exams to ensure the early detection of diabetic complications is not missed. It will
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